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CONTROVERSY: PLAGIARISM
Novel Ideas
Two literary stars of Malayalam stand accused of
plagiarism. Or, is envy the motive?
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"I don't remember reading Nirmal Verma's story though we are
friends."
M.T. Vasudevan Nair
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Beware. Literary
detectives are on the prowl. This time, caught under their magnifying
glasses are Malayalam's two literary stars-M.T. Vasudevan Nair, Jnanpith
Award winner, filmmaker, scriptwriter and popular icon; and Paul Zacharia,
master short-story writer, columnist and literary gadfly. They have been
accused of plagiarism by relatively unknown critics. And this comes close
on the heels of a similar allegation against another prominent novelist,
Perumpadavom Sreedharan, whose novel, Oru Sangeerthanam Pole (Like a Psalm),
has created publishing history in Malayalam by selling a record 50,000
copies in six years.
Nair's 1964 novel Manju (Mist) is on trial four
decades after its publication for allegedly being similar to a Hindi story
Parinde (Birds, 1956), by fellow Jnanpith winner Nirmal Verma. And Zacharia's
recent novella Enthundu Vishesham Pilathose?(How is life, Pilate?), whose
English translation was recently brought out by Katha, is reportedly "too
much inspired" by a story written by the 19th century French writer
Anatole France. Charges against these immensely popular writers, strangely,
appeared in a weekly edited by another prominent novelist C. Radhakrishnan.
Allegation against Sreedharan's novel, which is about the life and love
of Fyodor Dostoevsky, was raised by critic V. Rajakrishnan who, interestingly,
wrote the book's preface. According to Rajakrishnan, the novel is only
a translation of Memoirs by Anna, the Russian master's wife.
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"One shouldn't
start with accusations of plagiarism, which amounts to gossip."
Paul Zacharia
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"I wish I am proved wrong. But the similarities
in theme, images, characters and even the physical setting are too striking
to ignore," says K.V. Thomas, a Malayalam professor who has dared
to take on MT (that is Vasudevan Nair for Malayalees). Thomas rolls out
the similarities-the theme of loneliness and waiting; the lonely protagonists,
Verma's Latika and MT's Vimala, who are both schoolteachers living in
the agonising memories of their failed love affairs; the snow-clad Nainital
as backdrop in both novels; and the recurring motifs of mist, mountains
and frozen time...
MT is not bothered. "I don't remember having
ever read Verma's story although we are very close friends. I wrote Manju
immediately after I returned from a visit to Nainital," he told india
today. And MT's best defence now has come from Verma himself who says
it is ridiculous to accuse an author of MT's calibre of plagiarism. "My
story's English translation was published only five or six years ago by
HarperCollins. I don't think MT reads Hindi works in original. So there
is no substance to the charge that MT had read it before he wrote his
novel," says Verma.
The charge against Zacharia is that his work
is too indebted to The Procurator of Judea. Both books are based on the
internal life of Pontius Pilate, the Biblical judge. "The brilliant
writer that he is, Zacharia has deftly re-ordered the French story and
created another brilliant work. But he should have given credit to the
original," says Isaac Eapen, a short-story writer who has made the
"exposure". Zacharia says he isn't morally or legally obliged
to respond to the charges. "If someone comes across similarities
it should lead to a literary exploration to know how they appear in two
works by different authors so divided by time and space. It shouldn't
start with accusations of plagiarism, which amounts to voyeurism and cheap
gossip," says Zacharia, who is now busy giving final touches to his
latest novel on Nathuram Godse, This is My Name.
Sreedharan says he was stunned to be called
a plagiarist by the person who wrote a preface to his novel about the
mental and physical trauma Dostoevsky went through in the 26 days that
took him to write The Gambler. "It was sheer envy. Rajakrishnan came
out with the accusation only after it won more than five awards and sold
50,000 copies," says Sreedharan. "Most important, I have clearly
given credit in my book to Anna Dostoevsky's work as my source of inspiration."
But Rajakrishnan is unforgiving. "I wrote the preface before seeing
Anna Dostoevsky's Memoirs. Only after I read it did I realise Sreedharan's
novel was only a rehash or translation of Anna's Memoirs."
M.G. Radhakrishnan
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